Multiple-stage-reaction turbine.



PATENTED MAY 29, 1906.

P. F. ODDIE. MULTIPLE STAGE REACTION TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED DEO.19, 1905.

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No. 822,149. PATENTED MAY 29, 1906.

P. F. ODDIE. MULTIPLE STAGE REACTION TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED DEG.19, 1905.

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PAT'ENTED MAY 29, 1906.

P. P. ODDIB. STAGE RBAGTIGN TURBINE APPLICATION FILED 13130.19, 1905.

MULTIPLE F Fl i in l hl iili) PHILIP FRANCIS t lllllll l,

OF LGPDON, ENGLAND;

Sipeoificaticn of Letters Patent.

Patented May 29, 1906.

Application filed December 19, 1905. Serial No. 292,488.

engineer, a subject of the King of Great Britain and lreland, residingat 85 l'Vorple road, VJiinbledon, London, England, have invented certainnew and usel'ul Improvements in Multiple-. tagolieaction Turbines; and Ido herebydeclare the following to be a hill, clear, and exactdescription of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in theart to which it appertaii'is to make and use the same.

My invention relates to inultiple-stagcreaction turbines, and has forits object the construction. of a turbine of this type which shall avoidthe following defects of the multiplereaction turbines as hithertoconstructed: First, a loss of steam between tile ends of therotor-blades and the casing and. the ends of the stator blades androtor; second, great length between centers of bearings, causing dangerof breakdown by the rotor-blades coming in contact with the inner wallsof the casing; third, dai'igers and ditliculties due to unequalexpansion between rotor and easing,

especially with highly-superheated steam;

fourth, difiiculties in the packingboxcs and lossesin connection with.air being drawn into the condenser.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 represents a vertical sectional viewof the turbine, according to my invention. I Fig. 2 is partly ahorizontal. section and partly a plan view with the casing removed. Fig.3 is a crosssection taken in the line A B of the Fl 2, showing thesegments carrying the nxed blades and encircling the 1'e"-. olvingblades. Fig. l is a sectional detail showing the labyrinth packing-ringsof smaller diameter and the adj acent blades. Fig. 5 is a sectionaldetail showing the labyrinth packing-rings of larger diameter on theopposite end of the turbine. Fig. 6 is a detail and shows also theblades.

In carrying out my invention 1 make use of a disk 01' wheel a, firmlyattached to shaft 1) and having on itsperiphery a flange a, on the outeredge of which are formed or attached blades a On the side of this diskare fixed weldless tubes 0 0, also carrying revolving blades 0 0respectively. The ring a is made considerably longer than the ring a.The ends oi the blades do .not come in near contact with the innerperiphery of the outer casing, and the radial clearance may be made in-'definitely large.

Thetubes, which are made of steel, bronze,

or other suitable material, are attached at one end only and are free toexpand toward the other end. The outer end ofthe ring of smallestdiameter fits on and is supported by a bracket 0, which is free to slidelengthwise in the direction of the shaft. Similar tubes (Z d, carryingthe rings of fixed blades (1 d are attached to the outer casing at oneend only, the point of attachment 6 corresponding as nearly as possibleto the position where the shaft 5 is held. By this simple arrangementall diiliculties connected with uneven expansion are avoided, as thesetubes carrying the fixed and revolvingblades, being made of the samematerial and approximately of the same thickness, will be heated by thesteam 1 passing through the turbine equally at every point, and beingfixed at one end only the expansion of both will be equal. The fixed andrevolving blades are covered or closed bylight ringsf, and the clearancebetween these rin s and the succeeding set of blades can be madeexceedingly small and will remainconstantunder all conditions ofworking,whether running light or under full load, with saturated or withhighlysuperheated steam. It is of course an essential condition forthis-method of working that the disk should revolvein the same relativeposition axiallyin other words, that as regards axial thrust the diskshould be in equilibrium so as to exclude the possibility of anyappreciable wear on the thrust-block. A novel and perfectly automaticmethod of balancing the thrust has therefore been introduced. Itconsists of a thrust-block 9, formed in the usual way with concentricrings turned on the shaft, correspending to grooves formed in a bearing,the peculiarity, however, being that the rings have a slight clearanceapproximately equal to half the clearance between the fixed andrevolving blades of the turbine. The shaft can move, therefore, slightlyaxially in both directions. Oil under ressure is pumped into thethrustblock, whi amount of resistance to the axial movement. At one endof the turbine there is a system of labyrinth packing 72 consistin offixed and revolving rings with points 0 near contact on one side only,Fig. 4, and at the other end of the turbine there is another larger setof packing-rill s 'i, Fig. .5, whose point of near contact is a soon'one side only, but opposed to the smaller set of packing-rings. Thisset oi packingrings incloses a chamber k, this chamber being incommunication by the pipe ch offers a certain A; I eizaiiol with achamber into which the steam passing through the first set ofpacking-rings escapes.

At the Commencement the clear ance in the thrust-block will allow thethrust to move the rotor slightly from left to right.

This will cause the leakage on the smaller set of'pac king-rings toincrease and theleakage ufrom-the larger set of packing-rings todecrease. Q willmcrease, and this pressure, reacting on Hence thepressure in the chamber lc lnclosed by these two sets of packing-rings Ithe end-exposed area of the disk a, will counteraet the thrust.

.. Should the thrust decrease so that the balancing eilort of the steamin the chamber b e .comes greater than the thrust, the rotor will moveslightly from right to left, which will cause the smaller set ofpacking-rings to become tighter and .to pass less steam, while thelarger set of labyrinth packing-rings will allow steam to pass from thechamber into the exhaust r, so that the pressure in the chamberdecreases until the equilibrium is restored. The area of the diskinclosed by this chamber is so calculated thata pressure of about oneand one-half atmospheres, absolute, balances the thrust under normalload and is, slightly above the atmospheric pressure when runningulightor. without load. of t '8 system of equalizing the expansion of therotor and stator elements, combined with an automatic balancing of thethrust under all conditions, can hardly be overestimated, since it meansincreased economy, owing to the reduction of leakage and to thepossibility with a given speed of commencing a't a higher peripheralvelocity of rotor. The sys tem of balancing is also attended with an"other distinct advanta e, inasmuch as it does away with the difiiculties experienced with the packing boxes, as they are exposed .-'neitherto high-pressure steam nor to vacu um and there is no possibility of airor oil be ing drawn into the condenser.

' t must-not be forgotten that just in the same Way as theleakagebetween the blades is diminished by the system of equalizing theexpansion between the revolving and fixed blades and the automaticsystem of balanc- 'ing, so is the system of labyrinth packing made farmore effective and simple than has hitherto been possible.

I now come to the last point to be eo.n siderednamely, the reduction oflength of my turbine over others of the same type.

With the same number of turbine-rings the reduction of length wouldamount to about fifty per cent. due to, first, the possibility ofcommencing at a higher initial velocity of drum; second,,the method ofautomatic balancing occupies far less space than the balancmg-d'rumshitherto used third, the equ alization of expansion between. theblade-carryin 'elements avolds the necessity of large axial clearancesbetween. the fixed and re cost of accessibility of theparts.

The importance volving blades to allow for unequal expansion; fourth,the shaft passing into the balancing-ehamber being not exposed to vacuumthe bearings, thrust-block, &c., can be brought close up to the disk.The length. is still further reduced by the telescopic arrangementshown, by which the turbine divided into high and low pressure stages.

The steam enters at n and passes into the circular recess 0. It thenpasses alternately through the fixed and revolving blades into thechamber p between the tubes 0 and c, which. form a receiver. through thenext set of blades into the cham ber g and from thence through the ofblades on the periphery of the flange a of the disk 0 into theexhaust-chambr-ir 9". Thus It then passes.

where two tubes are employed, as shown. in v the drawings, the first setof turbine-blades on the ring 0 may be said to be the high-pressure set,those on the tube a may he said to be the middle;pressure set, and thoseon the periphery of the disk the low-pressure set; This latterarrangement is not bought at the As soon as the outer cover is removedthe tubes carrying the fixed blades can be instantly removed and thefixed and revolving blades be examined without disturbing the bearingsor removing the rotor. In this respect the accessibility comparesfavorably with the Parsons type, where it is necessary to remove theretor to examine the fixed blades in the lower portion.

The saving of space is of course far more striking onlarger sizes and isof the utmost importance when dealing with turbine for ships propulsion.

The removal of the defects mentioned means the clearance between theblades remains practically constant, whether the turbine is runningwith. saturated or superheat ed steam, light or at full load.

In conclusion, one word as to the relative cost of manufacture of myturbine. This should compare favorably with the turbine at present in.use for the following reasons: The blades being short can be stamped inlengths of suitable material, these lengths or ribbons otblades beingmerely bent round and fastened in grooves on the rotor and stationaryrings, forming thus a more solid, accurate, and at the same timeconsiderably cheaper method than at present in use. The rings being madeof weldless tubes require very little n'iachining, and the expensiveprocess of balancing the turbine is greatly simplified. The reduction onlengthmeans also a reduction in weight, and the machining of the outercasing is very simple, a point of great importance especially withlar eunits.

Having described my invention, declare what I claim is 1. In a turbine,the combination of a supporting-frame a casing therein provided bangmstsemii d smd ends 30 t mpmmlally in nppasiw d fies/crihm. 20' 3. in aturiaine, the mmbiln pmwded \Vifii fixed Mada, mim'y 1p m dad. withMada; unwanted w im "diameters, mm {wing end, smdl msmgumd s md 22m heigeach fastened at um @nfimfl and adapted to 4. ha tm'bEme,ihrombixmiimmf:3 a prmr'ld'ed mmthd'rncad him ria s, :1 w'mny mct therein mended withhlades Hm eats 0i.

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Emww cyfindm can'ying Hades cmmwirie vim said first-mauled cylinder? andfa mstenvd fie m: @313 and said disk and free m expmld at the M3165."and, slrlbsmmimiiy as desmwrihmi.

bestimcmy whereof I have affixed my i231 presmm of two Witnasses.

l ANCKS (EDDIE.

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